Over the 4 days of infection before the typical time of symptom onset (day 5), the probability of a false-negative result in an infected person decreases from 100% (95% CI, 100% to 100%) on day 1 to 67% (CI, 27% to 94%) on day 4. On the day of symptom onset, the median false-negative rate was 38% (CI, 18% to 65%). This decreased to 20% (CI, 12% to 30%) on day 8 (3 days after symptom onset) then began to increase again, from 21% (CI, 13% to 31%) on day 9 to 66% (CI, 54% to 77%) on day 21.

Zdroj: Variation in False-Negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure | Annals of Internal Medicine

Poverty also is linked to a higher risk of infection, and Dr. Goyal’s research, published on Tuesday in the journal Pediatrics, found that children from low-income families were much more likely to become infected than those with the most affluent parents. The higher infection rates appear to be driven by greater exposure to the virus, Dr. Goyal said: “There’s nothing to indicate that there’s some sort of genetic predisposition to Covid based on race or ethnicity.”

Zdroj: Why the Coronavirus More Often Strikes Children of Color – The New York Times

Fifty four biosimilars were approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in August 2019. Of the total group of licensed biosimilars on the market, 29 biosimilars (54%) were available in the Czech Republic, 28 biosimilars (52%) were available in Poland, and 27 biosimilars (50%) were available in Hungary and 24 biosimilars (44%) were available in Slovakia. Our analysis, based on the data provided by distributors of medicinal products to the State Institute for Drug Control, revealed that the health fund in Slovakia could have saved 35 to 50 million euros per year if biosimilars with marketing authorisations had been available on the Slovak market. The calculations assumed a 25–35% price decrease against the original biological medical products, and that there would be no increase in the utilization of biosimilars in Slovakia.

Zdroj: Frontiers | Potential cost-savings from the use of the biosimilars in Slovakia | Public Health